ambrad tudtud chapter 4

Chap 4
1. The research will be using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design. (express all in past tense)
2. ALL In PAST TENSE

CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the step by step information of the research methodology of the study.
The chapter is subdivided into: Research Environment, Research Participants, Research Instruments and Research Procedures. Research environment explains the locale of the field conduct of the study. The research participants portion declares the respondents background. Research instrument part elaborates the information and reliability of the Instrument used in the study. Lastly, the research procedure is where the step-by-step methods of conducting in study are located.

Research Design
The research will be using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design. This design is an efficient and situational design in trying to measure the correlational difference of gender differences in student attitudes towards mathematics.

Research Environment

Since the study requires students as the participating body, the study will be conducted at the University of the Philippines Cebu College at Gorordo Ave., Lahug Cebu City.


Research Participants
The research to be conducted is a Descriptive Study on Gender Differences of Student Attitudes towards Mathematics. To be the respondents of the study will be the University of the Philippines Cebu College students. The researchers chose the students within the researcher’s school for the data gathering. The students of UPCC are highly available for the said study in relation to the respondents.
Students that will be asked to be respondents must be at ages 16 ~ 20 years old inclusive since this is the age bracket for the students in UPCC.

Research Instrument
Since the study demands for the student attitude level of both gender to be compared, an attitude scale instrument is needed for the said necessary inputs.
The Modified Fennema-Sherman Attitude Scale will be used in the conduct of the study. In an effort to study students' attitudes towards math, Elizabeth Fennema and Julia A. Sherman constructed the following attitude. The scale consists of four subscales: a confidence scale, a usefulness scale, a scale that measures mathematics as a male domain and a teacher perception scale.
The instrument is highly effective to measure attitude because of its factoral considerations of attitude relative to the confidence, teacher perception scale, utility scale and mathematics as a male domain.



Scoring Directions
Each positive item receives the score based on points
A = 5

B = 4

C = 3

D = 2

E = 1
The scoring for each negative item should be reversed
A = 1

B = 2

C = 3

D = 4

E = 5
Add the scores for each group, T, C, U, M, to get a total for that attitude.

T – Teacher perception scale

C – Confidence scale

U – Usefulness scale

M – Mathematics as a male domain

Research Procedures
Gathering the data
For the data collection, survey technique will be used. The survey will be a written kind of survey to test the attitude level of both males and females.
Questionnaires will be distributed to forty (40) University of the Philippines Cebu College students aging from 15-20 years of age. With the 40 respondents, twenty (20) of those are males and the other twenty (20) will be females to equally test the gender differences.
After the giving out the questionnaire, the respondents will be given enough time to answer the given questionnaire. After the respondents answer the questionnaires, the questionnaires will now be ready for tallying in accordance to the scoring system of the instrument and is ready for analysis.

Treatment of Data

This research intends to determine if there exist a significant difference on the student’s attitude towards Mathematics between the female and the male respondents. The statistical treatment to use is the t-test for the mean difference of two independent samples.

Statement of the Null Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant difference between the mean score of the female and the male respondents.


Statistical Treatment
In getting the t statistic, the formula is given below.

Formula 1. t statistic for the mean attitude difference of female and male
where,

= number of female respondents
= number of male respondents
= mean attitude score of female respondents
= mean attitude score of male respondents
= standard deviation of the attitude scores of female respondents
= standard deviation of the attitude scores of male respondents




To determine the mean attitude score of the female/male respondents, the formula below is used.
Formula 2. Mean Attitude Score
where,
= scores
= sample size

To determine the standard deviation of the attitude scores of the female/male respondents, the formula below is used.
Formula 3. Standard Deviation of the Attitude Scores
where,
= scores
= sample size
= mean attitude score

The t statistic is tested against the table value of tdf,α where and α = 0.05 (two-tailed). The two possible cases of comparison and the corresponding actions to follow are stated below.
Case 1: |t| ≥ |tdf,α |
Reject the null hypothesis.
Case 2: |t| < |tdf,α |
Accept the null hypothesis.