orquillas, decena chapter 3

Chapter 3 comments
1. source of piaget’s ideas? His own book? Year?
2. According to Piaget, there are two processes in which individuals construct new ideas; namely:
3. but don’t (spell out) disrupt
4. will make sense of the object by applying the skill that he or she already know (subject-verb agreement)
5. In the diagram shown on the following page, the main subjects of the views are the homosexuals. (don’t introduce homosexuals yet)


Revised Chapter 3

Chapter III

Study Framework

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The researchers found the constructivism learning theory of Jean Piaget. Piaget was a French Swiss developmental psychologist who is most well known for organizing cognitive development into a series of stages. Piaget’s constructivism learning theory mainly explains that learners interpret different phenomena with the knowledge they learn from their experiences or environment. This theory explains how individuals enhance their logical and conceptual growth.

Piaget’s main subjects to his studies were infants or children. He observed that infants have skills that they apply to the objects they see in the environment. Though these are just simple skills, which Piaget termed “sensorimotor” skills, they guide the infants in their discovery or exploration of the world. Piaget called these skills “schema”.

According to Piaget, there are two processes in which individuals construct new ideas namely: assimilation and accommodation. These are two forms of adaptation, which, for Piaget, is another term for learning.

Assimilation is when individuals apply their new knowledge to an already existing idea, but don’t disrupt or alter the original idea in the process. For example, when an infant, who is used to sucking his or her thumb, is given a pacifier, the infant will make sense of the object by applying the skill that he or she already know (which is thumb-sucking) to the new object. Therefore, the infant will learn how to use the pacifier. On the other hand, accommodation is the process in which the individual’s new learned idea is used to correct a failure and changes his or her mind set in order for the new ideas to be “accommodated” or to fit in with the new experiences. For example, when the infant is given a ball and tries to put it into his or her mouth, the infant would fail to do so for the ball is too big. Therefore, he or she will figure out how the ball works and would eventually learn to bounce or squeeze the ball.

The researchers find the theory applicable and useful to their study because the theory explains how a person could adapt his or her ideas to interpret certain phenomena in the society. The researchers conclude that human beings cannot form ideas on their own without the influence of different factors. Moreover, experiences in an individual’s life either success or a failure greatly shapes a person’s interpretation of particular occurrences in the society.

The researchers try to find out how views are formed and what factors could influence one’s view to a particular subject. In the diagram shown on the following page, the main subjects of the views are the homosexuals. The individuals, who are the ones who perceive these homosexuals, are being linked to the theory of Piaget, the “constructivism learning theory”. From the explanation above, the usage of the theory explains that views of individuals may be formed through their own human experiences. Furthermore, there are certain factors that they would encounter which could then also affect the individuals’ interpretation on the subject.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In the conceptual framework that is shown on the next page, the group of individuals that are going to be the respondents of the study are more specified; they are the UP Cebu students. The researchers conclude that the theory they have used could now be stipulated as knowledge showing it to be as a more tangible definition, for the theory also discusses on the individual’s formation of his or her own knowledge. Next, individual human experiences present different phenomena of the respondents which could be affected by their interactions within the different stages of their lives namely, childhood, teenage stage, and adulthood.

Throughout the respondents’ lives, they are bound to interact with the different communities in their environment and as students, they are commonly surrounded by their family, their religious community, as well as their educational environment. These fundamental factors could help the researchers conclude that the environment of the respondents could greatly affect their opinions towards certain issues which are homosexual activities.

OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK

In the operational framework, the elements involved in figure 3 which is in the subsequent page, are further indicated. The researchers chose to determine the general views of the 4th year college students of UP Cebu towards homosexuality. By using the constructivism learning theory, the researchers conclude that because of the things the respondents learn from their surroundings, they can already formulate their own ideas regarding homosexuality. There is a possibility that they can accumulate these ideas from their day-to-day activities and learnings from school, at home, or at work. The respondents’ profile, specifically family background, religion, high school background, and course, are the elements that could influence how the students act or interact in their daily activities. These are also the factors that could positively or negatively affect the attitudes of the 4th year college students of UP Cebu towards homosexual activities, mainly same-sex marriage, cross dressing, and public display of affection between homosexuals depending on the level of tolerance of these factors.