sample chapter 3 for your reference

Revised Chapter 3
alda,castillo
Chapter 3

Theoretical Framework

In studying the impacts of internet on time management, we aim to develop a new hypothesis that time control is affected by internet usage, the frequencies on using the internet, and on the activities that are affected through using the internet. Aiming to find secure and dependable results of our study, we support our hypothesis with Roy’s Theory of Adaptation.

Roy’s Theory of Adaptation

This theory sees an individual as a set of interrelated systems, biological, psychological, and social. The individual tries to maintain a balance between a system and the outside world.

According to Sherman (2010), the model was founded by Sister Callista Roy when she was studying pediatrics in Los Angeles in 1960s. And naturally, this theory aids to help patients adapt to their situation emotionally and mentally.

This theory discusses that a person or a group of persons adapt to a certain environment that he or she is exposed to. Their behavior is affected by some factors, namely focal, the major factor, and contextual, the contributing factor to the behavior which is called as the environmental stimuli. Those factors are also directly related to the coping process of a person on that certain behavior. These coping processes may be a regulator, basing on the unconscious manner, a cognator, basing on the emotions, a stabilizer, or an innovator. The factors are also indirectly related to the modes of adaptation. These modes of adaptation are the coping process of a person in his or her environmental stimuli. These modes of adaptation may be physiological, psychological, self-concept, group identity, role function, or interdependence.

In environmental stimuli, the focal stimuli are further simplified as the objects that can be attractive to a person in the environment. Furthermore, the contextual stimuli are all other stimuli present in the environment that can contribute to the focal stimulus. The regulator of the coping process can further be defined as a subsystem that functions automatically through the nervous system and the cognator functions as a subsystem that helps a person to process the stimuli (Daniels, 2004).

Figure 1 on the next page shows the diagram of how Roy’s theory of adaptation flows in accordance to the elements present of the said theory. We can see that the management of stimuli is dependent on the environmental stimuli, depending on what is the environmental stimuli (focal, contextual). This environmental stimuli are also affected on the coping process (regulator, cognator). This will determine on how the modes of adaptation will affect on the different factors (physiological, self-concept, role function, interdependence).

Conceptual Framework

Since the researchers’ study is concerned about the impacts of internet usage on time control for other tasks of 3rd year UP-Cebu Management Students, the theory validates this since it matches the variables of our study to the elements found in Roy’s Adaptation Theory. Furthermore, basing it from the theory itself, the modes of adaptation can be focused on the physiological aspect or in self-concept which suites to the impacts involving oneself.

In addition to the study, the people that will manage the stimuli (environmental stimuli) are the University of the Philippines (UP) students since they are usually exposed to the environmental stimuli which are the internet usage and the internet itself and also they are the respondents of this research study.

Environmental stimuli is incorporated to the internet usage and the internet itself since it influences people on their projects and assignments. The internet is also used as an instrument for studying. Findings by Osunade (2003) showed that with the exposure to the internet, students are doing better significantly to their academics compared to the students without any access. Thus, having further justified, this environmental stimuli really affects a person’s academics and also other activities that he/she does.

In this case, the researchers use this theory on selected people in the society that can be students, employees and the like and not patients whom this theory is firstly concerned about. Since every people are exposed to the environment in any stimuli, there is a need to determine how they adapt to ones exposure to their well-being.

The exposure to the environmental stimuli of people who manages the stimuli will have its effect on how long they are exposed to the environmental stimuli. The duration of their exposure can be called as cognator. Thus, this regulator variable in the study is the frequency used upon accessing the internet. This also determines if there is a change in time spent upon accessing the internet towards other tasks. Upon determining the frequency the modes of adaptation can be achieved.

In this concept, the modes of adaptation are focused on the impacts of exposure of the students to the internet. These impacts also determine if there are some changes on what students usually do without the exposure to the internet. Thus, with the help of other variables, the impacts in which our study is determining will be achieved. These impacts also are focused on self-concept aspects.

On the relation of the theory to our research

Summarizing on what Roy’s theory of adaptation means, we can then apply it to our research on proving the effects of the internet on time management. Analyzing our topic, we found our variables as time management, internet, and students. Implying it to Roy’s theory of adaptation, we can then put the variables to the theory. We can conclude that the students’ behavior in managing his or her time are affected by their usage of internet, including their frequency on weekdays and weekends, and on how the usage of internet affects their daily activities such as socialization and daily routines (i.e. grooming, eating).

Figure 2 on the next page shows the flow of the conceptual framework combining it with the elements of Roy’s theory of adaptation. We can see that the UP Cebu students are affected by their usage of the internet depending on how frequent they use the internet, thus, giving a great impact on how the other activities are performed (i.e. grooming, socializing)

Operational Framework

Specifically, the 3rd year UP-Cebu Management students are the respondents on this study. In this level, students are bombarded with their major subjects, thus, making the internet a need for their researches and projects. Thus students are exposed to the environment stimuli in which its focal is the need to research and its contextual is recreation. As students, they tend to do their schoolwork with the help of the internet but, there are times when they use it for recreation when they have free time or when they don’t have any assignments, projects, etc. Thus, its cognator, or the coping process is determined by the number of hours used on weekdays and on weekends so that it would be clear and specific for the researchers to identify when do they most likely use the internet. To be more specific, the study would identify the impacts on study time, socialization and daily routine of the students, whether or not there is a change of time to be utilize by the three impacts when exposed to the internet.

Looking on the flow of Figure 3 on the next page shows the flow of how the specific variables of our research are placed to the elements of Roy’s theory of adaptation. Looking back on the research, it can be observed that the variables are students, internet, and time management. We can see that the 3rd year UP-Cebu Management Students will act as the respondents to the research. These respondents are affected on the internet, basing on how they use the internet (i.e. research, recreational), and on how long they use the internet in weekdays and weekends. Their style on internet usage will affect on how they perform their other activities (i.e. grooming, socializing).