comm 1 update

...final notice

comm 1 students whose blogs are inaccessible or have no essay:

manlunas tf 2:30-4
javier mth 10:30-12
ella mth 10:30-12
donaire tf 10:30-12




the following should not be seen in your essays:
1. choppy sentences
2. comma splices
3. run-on sentences
4. vague, abstract and generalized sentences
(please refer to my posts on grammar for references)

criteria in grading your essay:
coherence = 40%
(sentences in a paragraph are logically connected and idea is continued from one sentence to another.there is smooth transition from one paragraph to another.)
unity = 20%
(sentences in a paragraph should revolve around the topic sentence)
well-developed thesis statement/topic =20%
(as supported by topic sentences in each paragraph)
clear, detailed and concise sentences = 20%

guidelines for sources citation: (applicable to those who have research component (internet/book sources) as mode of acquiring info)

1. always acknowledge sources for ideas you got from them through in-text or parenthetical citation (integrated in the paragraphs).ex.

a. for quoted line:
Picking fruits is not an easy task for the boys, since heaps of bees are also sating their hunger in the sweetness offered by the fruits. As Golding ((1989) had described, “Everywhere was the scent of ripeness and the booming of a million bees at pasture.” (p. 56).

b. for paraphrased (in your own words) line:
According to A.H. Maslow (2000), the first factor that affects the “integrated wholeness” of a person is the physiological need, or the need for good food, fresh water, and enjoyable pastime. Consequently, the main factor that affects the decisions and actions of the characters in the novel is the characters’ need for food, water, and rest.

c. for secondary source (the source of the idea you want to borrow is only cited/quoted by your actual, primary source. you dont actually have the copy of that source (secondary), only through your actual source.)
According to A.H. Maslow (as cited in Green, 2000), the first factor that affects the “integrated wholeness” of a person is the physiological need, or the need for good food, fresh water, and enjoyable pastime. Consequently, the main factor that affects the decisions and actions of the characters in the novel is the characters’ need for food, water, and rest.

(Maslow is your secondary source and Green is your real, primary source. You get to know Maslow through Green.)

2. aside from in text citation, you also make bibliography at the end of your essay.please access my link to or post manununggul jar essay and see the format of the bibliography.

3. your essay will be put under www.plagiarismchecker.com to check if you have plagiarized or not from your sources. if you have done so, you will have an automatic grade of 5.0 for this requirement.

Goodluck!

Help page for comm 1 tf 2:30-4

comm 1 TF 2:30-4 students:

this is to acknowledge that I have accessed and read your blog entries/essays except those of the following:

archival= there is no essay posted on your blog

apuya= i could not find your blog

colaljo= i could not find your blog

llesol=i could not find your blog

mahinay=i could not find your blog

manlunas=no blog post

pahang=i could not find your blog

whoever knows them, please inform them to repost on oct 20 as they may be graded INCOMPLETE in the grade sheet!

thanks!
for questions and concerns, you may write on the comment box of this page

Help page for comm 1 tf 10:30-12

comm 1 TF 10:30-12 students:

this is to acknowledge that I have accessed and read your essays and other blog entries except those of:

yna, del rosario (blog not accessible)

whoever knows her, please inform her to repost on oct 20 as she may be graded INCOMPLETE in the grade sheet!

thanks!

for questions and concerns, you may write on the comment box of this page

Help page for comm 2 mth 2:30-4

......Schedule for oral defense and approved presentors:
thurs., oct. 20, 2-5 p.m.

presentors: panelists:
1. tabaloc, perez bartolay, cueva
2. cavanlit razonable/salas
3. bartolay/cueva tabaloc/perez
4. razonable/salas cavanlit

conditional status:
cavanlit to revise 5 and 6
razonable/salas to revise 3

instructions:
1. Please come at 2pm at Hum Div for reading and critiquing of papers assigned to you will be done one hour prior to the presentation. Prepare 3 questions to be asked after the presentation.Panelists: Please check the citations in the body and see if they are reflected in the list of references, and/or if the sources in the list are cited in the body.

2. presentation should be in a power point. Avoid copying long texts.entries should be short, all in tabular form. these are the things you should include:
title
main problem
sub problems
related studies/literature (major sources only)
study frameworks/diagrams only (explain the flow during the presentation)
methodology (enumerate the parts)
results/findings (describe each sub problem in tabular form; summary of tables/graph will do.avoid long text)
conclusion (only the answer to the main problem)
3.bring your own laptop.
4.presentors should stay the whole duration of the presentation. each batch (4 groups will have 5 hours. 2o minutes for presentation/10 mins. for questioning.
6.those who come late cannot present
7.wear business suit/formal attire
8.paper can be ring bound only after the final corrections have been made. ring bound paper should be accompanied by e copy (word/pdf)in a CD. attach a CD case (paper/plastic) at the back (inside) cover of the paper. the front cover of the paper should be the acetate (plastic form).

....for pre-final submission today, oct 19:
perez,tabaloc
salas, razonable (fix chapter 3 first)
bartolay, cueva (fix chap 5)



---student research paper competition: an invitation
you might be interested to join here:

Theme: Local Identity vs. Global Homogeneity

ACMC's GRAND PRIX aims to bring together groups and individuals interested in issues of cultural changes and challenges confronting the youth in an endangered demographic. It will be an opportunity for the participants to discuss issues on the role of media, government, and the academic community in Asia in promoting youth empowerment.

Mechanics
The Paper The paper should have a high degree of scholarly effort and must focus on the 2011 theme.

All entries will be screened by the ACMC Jurors. Top ten papers will be invited to present their paper in Manila on November 25, 2011.

The Participants Only enrolled students from the Philippines can join the contest. A team should be composed of two or more undergraduate students and a faculty adviser. Participants should submit an endorsement letter from the program head or the dean indicating their names and certifying their residency in the university. There is no limit in the entry per school.

The Process
a. Entries must be written in English and accompanied by an abstract of not more than 250 words. It should be not less than 25 pages, but not more than 50 pages (abstract not included in the page requirement) including photos, grafts, and figures. It should be typewritten on 8x11 bond paper, double-spaced, Times New Roman, font size of 12, and a margin of 1.25 inch frame.

b. Entries must be accompanied by a soft copy on Microsoft Word, whether on a compact disc or as an e-mail attachment to

c. Entries can be a concept paper or a full blown research paper. It must be original and must not have been previously published.

d. Participants must use the APA style sheet. References must be properly listed at the end of the paper and it is the responsibility of the authors to secure permission for the use of copyrighted materials.

e. Photographs should be of good quality and printed either colored or black and white. Lines and drawings should be original. Submitted photographs, lines, and drawings will be returned to the authors on assigned schedule.


.....checked: bucad, olavides, salas, tabaloc's works..

....checked bartolay/cueva, razonable/salas

......Schedule for oral defense and approved presentors:
wed., oct. 19, 9=11a.m.
presentors: panelists:
1. beduya/misa alcuizar/gamboa
2. bernales/colonia saripada/mangmang
3. alcuizar/gamboa beduya/misa
4. saripada/mangmang bernales/colonia

instructions:
1. panelists should read in advance (take home) the works of presentors assigned to them.
the presentors's papers to be critiqued by the panelists will be ready for pick up on tuesday, 2p.m. (oct. 18).
Panelists: Please check the citations in the body and see if they are reflected in the list of references, and/or if the sources in the list are cited in the body.prepare your questions for the presentors.

2. presentation should be in a power point. Avoid copying long texts.entries should be short, all in tabular form. these are the things you should include:
title
main problem
sub problems
related studies/literature (major sources only)
study frameworks/diagrams only (explain the flow during the presentation)
methodology (enumerate the parts)
results/findings (describe each sub problem in tabular form; summary of tables/graph will do.avoid long text)
conclusion (only the answer to the main problem)
3.bring your own laptop.
4.presentors should stay the whole duration of the presentation. each batch (4 groups will have 5 hours. 2o minutes for presentation/10 mins. for questioning.
6.those who come late cannot present
7.wear business suit/formal attire
8.paper can be ring bound only after the final corrections have been made. ring bound paper should be accompanied by e copy (word/pdf)in a CD. attach a CD case (paper/plastic) at the back (inside) cover of the paper. the front cover of the paper should be the acetate (plastic form).

.......alcuizar, saripada:
all your chapters are ready.
the following should submit their pre-final already:
beduya, misa
bernales, colonia
alcuizar, gamboa
mangmang, saripada

for questions and concerns, you may write on the comment box of this page

update:
1. please make sure that your chapter v and vi are well-edited,well written, and well-analyzed before reposting them so we will not waste any time checking on my part and rewriting on yours.
2. read your work ten times and make sure that sentences are clear, straight-forward and coherent with other sentences.
3. i will not continue reading and checking if i spot the same mistakes in the first part of your chapters.

Help page for comm 1 mth 10:30-12

comm 1 mth 10:30-12 students:

this is to acknowledge that I have accessed and read your essays except those of the following:

javier= there is no essay posted on your blog

ella= i could not find your blog

whoever knows them, please inform them to repost on oct 20 as they may be graded INCOMPLETE in the grade sheet!

thanks!

for questions and concerns, you may write on the comment box of this page

razonable salas chap 3(comments in selected sentences below)

An example to such, are cars being extensions to individuals’ feet are also classified as amputations, because it causes obesity, pollution and reduce time of socialization. (faulty)

McLuhan concluded further that technology drastically altered how humans’ (faulty) use their senses and body organs because human beings became more dependent to technology rather than using their own body parts in doing their daily activities (as cited in Kappelman, 2002).

This conclusion is drawn from his observation that in every gadget invented in the vision of making mankind’s life convenient, at the same time it also breeds dependency in every individual. (faulty, fragment because of at the same time)

Technological Determinism’s main point is that human behaviour is affected by the different kinds of influences brought by modern technology that they were exposed to. This is due to our (shift in person from third to first person.suddenly our is included) increasing rate of dependency towards technology and when humans became dependent to technology, reliance to it in doing daily activities becomes a habit.
Our (shift in person) habits are what constitute our attitude and personality. Thus, if there is a change in habitual activities, then there is also change in personality and attitude.

Conceptual
Figure 2 on the next page shows how the mentioned theory in the previous section is applied to develop concepts needed in conducting this study. It is shown in the figure that human relationships of UP Cebu College students are affected by the different features of social networking sites. (facebook and UP students should be introduced in operational. Internet and students should have been here)


“Social Networking Sites” (replace with internet) is placed in the conceptual framework since it is an offspring of modern technology. And it (what?) also constitutes different elements that affect human behaviour.

“UP Cebu College Students” (replace with students) is used in the framework since as individuals living in the era of modern technology, they have the tendency to adapt and use immediately whatever offspring of technology is invented. As adolescence they are easily influenced by their environment. Their environment includes the people they interact with, the place where they spend most of their time and the gadgets they use daily, especially those with internet access. Thus, as shown in figure 2 on the next page, the relationships of UP Cebu College Students are affected by the changes they acquire in using social networking sites. (repair. The theory was not integrated smoothly to the concept. see sample conceptual of your classmates)

Operational

This section of this study (omit of this study) illustrates the Operational Framework of the study which is shown on Figure 3 on the next page
The figure presented how the researchers correlate the different variable (s) identified in this study.
Furthermore, as a generation of modern technologies, all of them have an existing Facebook accounts that they use frequently.(are the students technologies? Check)

The following should have been in the conceptual:

According to Parr (2009), Facebook affects romantic relationships because it creates jealousy and misunderstanding among lovers. This effect can be explained using the theory of Technological Determinism because as an offspring of modern technology, Facebook also breeds dependency and addiction among its users
Thus, it can be hypothesized that the Facebook features’ influence to University of the Philippines Cebu College Computer Science students creates changes in their behaviour towards their respective romantic relationships.


These elements as described by McLuhan’s Technological Determinism inputs different influences to human beings that causes (faulty) different changes in an individual’s behaviour.

(operational should only present assumptions of your variables. Don’t mention theories anymore.)

cavanlit chap 6 (check comments on selected sentences below)

2. Number of years since the first use of computer was theoretically insignificant since symptoms of brain altering can be shown in age 7 but during that age, the respondents were just starting to use computers. It is also statistically insignificant since it yield (check) a Pearson Product-Moment Correlation value of 0.015813339 which is already very close to zero.


3. The average respondent would consume 4.5217 hours of computer usage at home while 1.5557 hours at school. Respondent who use (check) their computers at home have lesser retention ability as compared to those who use it in school.

Based on the results, there is indeed an inverse relationship between the number of hours of computer usage and the retention ability of the students. The more the respondents use their computers in either at home or at school, the lesser their retention ability level has been.

The results were exactly what were expected by the researchers. A greater amount of computer usage would lead to lower memory retention.
(so what can you say about it? please comment /give your own insight or analysis on the answer to the main problem.)

1. The study is limited to 10 respondents only. This 10 people (check) might not be a perfect mixture of all the computer science students making the study somehow biased. I recommend that the next researchers shall choose their proponents properly if they are to choose this type of study.

2. Some respondent (check) most especially in Group B have higher academic capability as compared to Group A, this situation (comma splice) might cause unfairness to the results. The future researchers shall avoid giving bias or maybe screen their respondents so that lapses in the study will be avoided.


8. There are already tons of media devices that are available today. It might be great if future researchers would include these technologies. Old media can also be studied such as television and cellphones but it would be much better if we (shift of person) will focus on higher innovations such as tablets and smartphones.

9. Future researchers shall give focus to “fast-paced photographic images” that can modify customary brain improvement. Since the researchers haven’t tackled much on the scientific realms of the study. (fragment)

cavanlit chap 5 (check my comments in parentheses in between sentences)

i just picked sentences with errors.

A theory developed by Ball-Rokeach and De Fleur(as cited by Quijano, 2000) called dependency theory which stated that people have various reliance on media and these dependencies may differ from individual to individual. Fragment (which stated…a modifying clause, made this a fragment)

Presented on the table above are the scores of the respondent (s) from each group during the 15-minute interval retention ability test.

Group A had an average of 87% while Group B had an average of 88%. (while Group B had 88%)

Group A had an average of 73% while Group B had an average of 93%. (same issue as above)

Based on the recency effect theory it is expected that that all the respondent’s scores shall decrease. (check)

Since Group A are more frequent computer users their scores implies that there is indeed a lesser retention that might be due to computer usage. (check)

The researchers did not expected (did not expect) an increase of score in Group B.

The negative relationship between time and retention ability can be proved with the help of the recency effect theory on which it was stated that a person can remember more recent information as compared to older ones. (awkward, older ones to refer to information)

Based on the pie chart on the previous page, Group A respondents uses (check) most of their time using the computers at home.

As what the researcher’s (faulty) have observed on the respondents, they use their personal computers at home not just for academic purposes but for personal satisfaction also.

Respondents in Group B comprised students with laptops. Some of the respondents do not have a free Wi-Fi access on their boarding house which means that they need to find a cheaper place to access the internet, these (comma splice: remove comma and follow ) might include internet cafes, Starbucks or for some, they just use the free internet access in school.

Recalling the treatment of Group A and Group B. (fragment) Group A was given a teacher who discusses the topic clearly and who uses visual aid as a tool in making the respondents understand more.

Group A’s teacher used an audio-visual approach in teaching that might have lead (led) to a very high positive correlation among the teacher rating and student’s retention ability.

Group B’s teacher only used the textual approach where the student’s (faulty) were just asked to read an outline of notes for a certain topic with a bit of pure reading which might have lead (led) to a low but still positive correlation of 0.328086402.

Using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation to compare the results on the respondent’s rating on the environment and their retention ability scores; (comma) we will arrive at these following conclusions:

This implies with the help of each member and the interaction between them, the lessons will be more interesting thus there shall be an increase in the student’s ability to focus. (faulty)

Group B was given the three most un-interesting (check) topic but still managed to produce a positive correlation.

This study is not be gender (check) sensitive but 100% of the respondents in Group B were male, not to mention that one of the not so interesting topics that was discussed was Fashion, specifically Haute Couture.

Help page for comm 1 mth 9-10:30

comm 1 mth 9-10:30 students:

This is to acknowledge that I have accessed and read all your blog entries. You did well in your essays as your description is very vivid and most of your paragraphs are unified and coherent.Happy sem break!




for questions and concerns, you may write on the comment box of this page

villahermosa avila chap 1 (comments in parentheses in between sentences)

Hihara is one of the many second year anime enthusiasts in the University of the Philippines Cebu College who experience (agreement?) the same situations.
(no transition.the shift is sudden)
Anime is a blanket term, shortened from the word 'animation' and is often used to refer to the animated versions of comics that originated from Japan called "manga". Anime is an increasing world phenomena. More and more Anime series, mangas and movies come out each year and with that, the population of Anime fans around the world keep on increasing as well. The popularity of a particular Anime title that became a hit TV series usually lasts for years. Even though the show has ended on the TV station where it was aired, fans will search for their own copies of the series and watch it over and over.
So, with Hihara, nstead (check) of studying and reviewing for exams or making projects to meet the deadlines, anime fans like Hihara procrastinate and postpone the tasks they need to do to watch anime and read manga.
(transition)

Our study aims to find out the effects of watching anime and reading manga onto the study habits of the Second Year College students of the University of the Philippines Cebu College.
Specifically, this study was (omit was) attempted to answer the following sub-problems:

bartolay cueva chap 5 3rd draft (see comments)

CHAPTER V
Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data
Respondents’ Profile
Before the researchers conducted the survey, the respondents were asked first if they had seen the whole episode of the Boys Over Flowers television series.
After the survey was conducted, the researchers gathered the data and organized it into tables, pies and bar graphs. Accordingly, this whole chapter studies and analyzes the gathered data. Findings from this chapter will serve as basis for the conclusion of this research.
The growing population of teenagers is dominating the population at large nowadays. These teenagers with an age bracket from 13-18, are consequently affected by their surroundings and environment. They were also easily influenced by media and now the target of this research (faulty). Now, the researchers measure whether the concerned female teenagers are affected by the Boys Over Flowersseries in their preferences towards their ideal guys.
Moreover, the chosen respondents were 20 first year female students of the University of the Philippines-Cebu.
Researchers assumed that teenagers especially within the age bracket of 16 to 18 are in the stage of puberty and are prone to social influences. Moreover, they are exposed to media, most specifically to the television.
Thus, the following evaluation of tables, pies and bar graphs serve as an assessment of the respondents’ preference for their ideal guy as well as for the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers in their physical, attitude and lifestyle attributes.

The graph from A1 to A6 assesses the physical attributes of the respondents’ ideal guy.
A. Physical
A.1


The pie graph in A1 entails the respondents’ frequency of likeness to the hair of a guy. It shows that sixteen (16) respondents like guys who have straight hair while only four respondents like guys who have curly hair.
The result indicates that 80% of the respondents like their ideal guy to have straight hair. Moreover, only 20% of the respondents like curly-haired guys. The reason behind this is because having a straight hair shows neatness and cleanliness (rephrase). Once a girl sees how responsible a guy is on maintaining his hair, it directly gives this good impression to girls (her).
Hamer (2010) stated, “Noses vary a great deal between different ethnicities”. In the Philippines, it is commonly abundant to see people having flat noses. And so, once an individual possesses this long bridged nose, he/she will certainly be striking to the public. Upon seeing this, a girl or any other person gets this seeming attraction to that person knowing that it is very different from the usual.
The next figure presents the data concerning the likeness of the females to their ideal guys’ nose.
A.2

Graph A2 presents the frequency of likeness by the respondents to the nose of their ideal guys.
The result indicates that 100% of the respondents like long-bridged nose guys than of the guys with flat noses (rephrase). Again, having different shapes of noses is according to one’s ethnicity. In relation to the respondent’s choice, they like guys who are different to (from) the usual which in this case possess this long bridged nose characteristic. (revise)
The skin color of a person seems to have this attractive theme (theme?)to the people especially if it is unusual to the normal surrounding. Moreover, having a different characteristic out of the common, in this case white complexion, makes one an attraction to somebody else.
The table below assesses the frequency of likeness by the respondents to the complexion of their ideal guy.
A.3

The pie graph A3 illustrates that fifteen (15) of the respondents like white complexioned guys while only five respondents have like (awkward) for the brown complexioned guys. The color of the skin makes a man more attractive instead of his body physique which in other words, skin tone (awkward) has a direct link to masculine attractiveness, Aditi (2010) (faulty.where is the verb?). This tells us that females sees (check) to it that the complexion of a guy is to her at some standards or point appropriate. As to what was said, females look first into the complexion of guy rather than just the physique. The likeness of the Filipinas might also because Filipinos’ skin color is brown so they picture and admire a man to be attractive when having white complexion.(awkward)

The graph below assesses the frequency of likeness by the respondents to the height of their ideal guy.
A height of a guy is one striking attribute for women. Khristine (2011) said that in socialization process, tall individuals seem to be more attractive and are viewed to be extra favored in work environment or in dating. As to what was said, in the context of the world, being tall somehow shows dominion over others (what do you mean?). Another is that it is appropriate too for guys to be taller than girls in dating and it relationships (why?).
A.4

The graph implies that fifteen (15) of the respondents like tall guys. Only one likes short guys. It only shows that girls’ most ideal guys have taller height because girls then don't have to deal with so much insecurity, reassurance and ego stroking when being with their boyfriends. Also, it is just plain awkward when guys are short.
The graph below assesses the frequency of likeness by the respondents to the body physique of their ideal guy.
The body physique of a person is one characteristic which is an important attraction especially in a girl’s preference. It comes almost with every standard for women.According to (Hajima, 2011), some people prefer a body builder's physique where apparently a man can never be too large or too full of hard bulges. Not only women are into these body physiques of men but they also consider theirs in these situations. Matching theirs and their guy is to be put in situation too.(faulty)
A.5


The graph implies that only 5% of the respondents like fat guys and 95% of the respondents like the slim type of a person. The data therefore concludes that the respondents having probably slim physiques want their ideal guy to be slim too. It is also admirable in the girl’s point of view to be slim because it is being healthy and disciplined. Nevertheless, the overall votes of the respondents tell that it is still attractive to be slim rather than fat for their ideal guy.

The eyes are one important attractive point for every person. It maybe in its color or the shape but sure it (revise) makes one guy attractive to its opposite.
The graph below assesses the frequency of likeness by the respondents to the eyes of their ideal guys.
A.6


Pie A6 presents the information about the respondents’ preferences about the eyes of their ideal guys. This shows that 65% of the respondents like chinky-eyed guys and 35% of them like round-eyed guys. “Narrower eyes, give the appearance of a more mature, powerful, and dominant man”, Hajima (2011) stated. This implies that girls like chinky-eyed boys also because Filipinas have round eyes and sees (subject verb agreement) this as different therefore, attractive.

The graph below assesses the frequency of likeness by the respondents to attitude attributes of their ideal guy.
B. Attitude
B.1


The bar graph indicates the information about the number of respondents like the attitudes listed by the researchers. The graph shows that the highest number of respondents like guys who are gentlemen. It gained 19 points. Thoughtful and honest and outgoing got 18 points. Being kind and caring got 16. Loyal, protective and humble got 15 points, while happy-go-lucky got 10 points and being religious garnered 9 points which is the least number of points. This implies that the respondents like gentleman’s guys (awkward) at large. Girls like the gentleman because he is polite, responsible, and dependable. If the guy is dependable and responsible when it's called for however, then most women would go for him. Gentlemen are always wonderful to find because they're somewhat rare, so when they come across a guy who seems to fit that role, girls will want him for a boyfriend.









The graph below from C1 to C3 assesses the lifestyle attributes of the respondents’ ideal guy.
The lifestyle of a person is one very important component in choosing for a mate. It is the capacity of a person to provide for whatever his/her partner wants. If a person cannot provide for the other, then it is not desirable. Before taking into deeper relationships, one must know his/her opposites background as well as his/her lifestyle.
C. Lifestyle
C.1


The bar graph in A1 entails the information about the respondents’ frequency of likeness to the economic status of their ideal guy.
The result indicates that 65% of the respondents like their ideal guys who are rich. Moreover, only 35% of the respondents like middle class guys. Thus, this implies that more than half of the respondents like guys who are rich, who can provide for them and who could support them in their wants and needs.

The graph below assesses the frequency of likeness by the respondents on the music lover and sporty trait of their ideal guy.
C.2


The bar graph in A1 entails the information about the respondents’ frequency of likeness to the music lover and sporty trait of their ideal guy. It shows that fifteen (15) respondents like guys who are music lover while only thirteen (13) respondents like guys who are into sports. They like guys who are into music at large because they do find musical ability attractive and somehow it can seduce and impress girls. While for the guys who are into sports, it shows discipline to oneself. Both are attractive to the respondents but in different degrees.

The graph below assesses the frequency of likeness by the respondents on the family background of their ideal guy.
The family background of a person is necessary to understand the past of a person and to make sure he/she is safe if they will get together.

C.3

The bar graph indicates the information about the number of respondents like the attitudes listed by the researchers. The graph shows that the highest number of respondents like guys who have religious background which gained 17 points. Next is the academically oriented guy who has 15 points and the 3rd is for being in politics. It shows that girls like guys who are known for being religious. Being religious is someone (faulty definition) with a very strong faith and is said to be loyal because he is God fearing. Moreover, girls appreciate them because of the fact also that they are likely to have similar values.

The tables below from C1 to C19 assess the physical, attitude, and lifestyle attributes of the male leading characters(of?) by the respondents.

Table C1
Levels of Likeness on the Height of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 14 5 4.6-5.0 70
Like 4 4 3.6-4.5 16
Neutral 2 3 2.5-3.5 6
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 92
Average: 4.6 strongly like

Over 70% of the respondents rated that they strongly like the height of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers which is in general tall. Based on the table, fourteen (14) respondents rated strongly like, four said that they like and two respondents were neutral to the height of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. As a whole, the respondents were somehow strongly attracted or like the tall height of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. (so how is this result compared to their previous answer about height preference?)
The information above implies that what the media shows, specifically on the television through Boys Over Flowers, has somehow got the attention of the viewers- the respondents in minimal things, like for example, on this case, the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers’ height. ( I don’t understand)

Table C2
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 11 5 4.6-5.0 55
Like 6 4 3.6-4.5 24
Neutral 3 3 2.5-3.5 9
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 88
Average: 4.4 like
Levels of Likeness on the Chinky eyes of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers

Table C2 presents the ratings of the respondents regarding the chinky eyes of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. Moreover, the gathered data resulted to the ratinglike of the respondents and to be precise, eleven respondents rated stronglylike, six rated like and three were neutral about whether they like the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers and their chinky eyes. (faulty)
These chinky eyes of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers is said to be attractive to women, specifically to the young teenagers because in the Philippines, most of the population has round eyes and to have chinky eyes sets a difference. Faulty) This is probably the reason why the female respondents like the chinky eyes of the characters. (compare to their eyes preference in first part)

Table C3
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 9 5 4.6-5.0 45
Like 7 4 3.6-4.5 28
Neutral 2 3 2.5-3.5 6
Dislike 2 2 1.6-2.5 4
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 83
Average: 4.15 like
Levels of Likeness on the Slimness of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers

Table C3 implies that respondents are not strongly attracted or like the slim physique of the characters. Data shows that only nine respondents think that the slimness of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers is strongly attractive, while 7 said that its attractive while on 2 respondents rated neutrality and another two rated dislike. This is because of the different view points of the respondents for their ideal guy. Some of the respondents, as the results determine, does not seem intrigue or bothered about the slimness of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers since their answers are very distributed. (same comment on comparison)

Table C4
Levels of Likeness on the nose of the male leading characters ofBoys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 12 5 4.6-5.0 60
Like 8 4 3.6-4.5 32
Neutral 2 3 2.5-3.5 6
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 98
Average: 4.9 strongly like

Table C4 reveals the highest average mean of all. The data shows that the respondents’ ratings are mostly strongly likeor like which suggest that the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers having long bridged noses are attractive. (repair)
Moving on, twelve of the respondents rated strongly like, eight rated like and two of the respondents are neutral on whether having long bridged of the male leading characters ofBoys Over Flowers are attractive to them. (same comment on comparison)
Filipino has usually flat noses and having a long bridged nose is very admirable. This thinking might have been for the respondents that is why they voted high. (awkward)

Table C5
Levels of Likeness on the White Complexion of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 7 5 4.6-5.0 35
Like 6 4 3.6-4.5 24
Neutral 6 3 2.5-3.5 18
Dislike 1 2 1.6-2.5 2
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 79
Average: 3.95 like

The presented data above shows that seven respondents rated strongly like to the white complexion characteristic of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. Moreover, six respondents rated like, another six respondents were neutral and one respondent dislikes the white complexion of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers.
Going over, the complexion of the characters is very different from the used complexion of the respondents who are Filipinas. In the country, it sets you; sort of different but in a good way (faulty). It makes one very striking among the mass and having this flawless white complexion is admirable especially if you are a guy. This might have been the reason of the respondents for rating such. (same comment on comparison)

Table C6
Levels of Likeness on the Hairstyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 13 5 4.6-5.0 65
Like 5 4 3.6-4.5 20
Neutral 2 3 2.5-3.5 6
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 91
Average: 4.55 strongly like

The table presented above reveals the likeness of the respondents towards the hairstyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. This hairstyle of the characters is actually very unique. One of them specifically Gu Jun Pyo has a curly hair which is cute and the others – Yi Jung, Ji Hoo, and Woo Bin has this straight, short and almost-covers-the-eyes hairstyle is cool. Moving on, the respondents are somehow strongly attracted to the cool hairstyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. To be specific, the data shows that thirteen respondents rated strongly like, five rated like and two were neutral on whether the cool hairstyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers is attractive. (same comment on comparison)
The data also explains that one appealing factor such as the hairstyle of the characters contributes to the attraction or the influence the respondents get from the media. Though the characteristics are quite different from the usual Filipinos, that made it attractive to the respondents.
This given data relates to the Uses and Gratification theory of Blumler and Katz (1974) stating that media users take an active part in the communication process and are goal oriented in their media use. The respondents, therefore, or the media users play an active part in the communication process. The respondents seek this media, Boys Over Flowers as a source that best fulfills their needs which is the attraction.










Table C7
Levels of Likeness on the Posture of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 17 5 4.6-5.0 85
Like 3 4 3.6-4.5 12
Neutral 0 3 2.5-3.5 6
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 97
Average: 4.85

Table C7 illustrates the table (table table) on the good posture of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. The gathered data reveals the seventeen respondents who rated strongly likewhich much more likely implies that the respondents were very attracted to the good posture of the male leading characters ofBoys Over Flowers. Another three respondents rated like on the good posture but still, the mean being 4.85 is enough to make the researchers believe that the respondents like the good posture of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers.(do not repeat from time to time good posture.redundant and annoying to read)
Gu Jun Pyo, Ji Hoo, Yi Jung, and Woo Bin standing straight and with all proper order, is for every girl attractive (faulty). The way one boy walks and poses himself very finely (rephrase) is indeed admirable. The good posture therefore, is not just one attractive characteristic for the respondents but as well as for many. (same comment on comparison)
Table C8
Levels of Likeness on the Gentleman trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 14 5 4.6-5.0 70
Like 3 4 3.6-4.5 12
Neutral 3 3 2.5-3.5 9
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 91
Average: 4.55

Over 70% of the respondents believe that the gentleman trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers is very attractive since the respondents rated strongly like. Actually four other respondents rated like, and another three respondents rated neutral in whether they like or not the gentleman trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. In the scene where Yi Jung opens the car door and carefully helps a girl out is one example of this. Another is Woo Bin carrying the heavy bags of Jandi. This trait was shown many times in the series and this might have also attracted the respondents. The results with a mean of 4.55, the respondents' general view on the gentleman trait is attractive but rather not much. (same comment on comparison)
Taking in what Berns (1985) said that the people’s interest is shown on the television programs they prefer to watch. The respondents preferred Boys Over Flowers not only because it is fresh and cool but because the respondents were interested in it. These traits mentioned before and latter are just one of the many interest of the respondents in the series.

Table C9
Levels of Likeness on the Protective trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers

Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 9 5 4.6-5.0 45
Like 7 4 3.6-4.5 28
Neutral 3 3 2.5-3.5 9
Dislike 1 2 1.6-2.5 2
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 84
Average: 4.2

The table entails that nine respondents rated strongly like, seven on like, and three other respondents were neutral with the protective trait and one respondent dislikes the trait. This goes that though most of the respondents like the protective trait, still, there are other respondents who were neutral about it and others even dislikes it. The other respondents therefore were not affected or do not dare to bother with the protective trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. (same comment on comparison)
To somehow understand this, the part where Gu Jun Pyo protect (subject verb issue) Jandi from being hit by a chair is an example. This scene probably made the respondents gain this world of experience and imagination (what do you mean? How is this related to the scene?) as said by Montagu (1967). The way the respondents relate to the scene gains them direct access from media to the media user.

Table C10
Levels of Likeness on the Caring trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers

Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 14 5 4.6-5.0 70
Like 3 4 3.6-4.5 12
Neutral 3 3 2.5-3.5 9
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 91
Average: 4.55

The table demonstrates that over 70% of the respondents rated strongly like to the caring trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. This trait was shown on the scene where Gu Jun Pyo grabs the hand of Jandi and puts it in his pocket because it was cold and Jandi was not wearing her gloves. Going on, another three respondents ratedlike and also three respondents are neutral on whether they like the trait. With the mean of 4.55, the respondent’s general rating was like (italicize item to make it a noun) and goes that the respondents have really their own perspective on how to view such trait. (same comment on comparison)
In relation to real life, it must be on every guy a caring trait (faulty). But though it is already in a guy, it is confusing how the respondents’ distribution of ratings varies. This might have been because every girl has there own standard.(revise)

Table C11
Levels of Likeness on the Thoughtfulness of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 16 5 4.6-5.0 80
Like 3 4 3.6-4.5 12
Neutral 1 3 2.5-3.5 3
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 95
Average: 4.75 strongly like

The table above contains the ratings of the thoughtful trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. To describe, most of the respondents or sixteen of them ratedstrongly like, four rated like and one is neutral with whether she likes the trait. As an example of this trait was shown when the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers concerns (awkward) what Jandi needs and if she is okay. The respondents imagining they were Jandi feels like floating, the feeling of being concerned about by the handsome actors. This feeling can be very sweet and admiring.
Furthermore, with the mean of 4.75, the respondents were strongly attracted to the thoughtful trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. (same comment on comparison)

Table C12
Levels of Likeness on the Respectfulness of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 15 5 4.6-5.0 75
Like 4 4 3.6-4.5 16
Neutral 1 3 2.5-3.5 3
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 94
Average: 4.7 strongly like

The above table implies that the respondents are attracted to the respectfulness of the male leading characters ofBoys Over Flowers. This trait was shown when Gu Jun Pyo comes to Jandi's home, greets and interacts with Jandi's parents with all full respect. As matter of fact, fifteen respondents say that they strongly like such trait, four others said that they like it and another one respondent is neutral on whether she likes or not the respectfulness of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers.
In relation to what Agarwal (2008) said that media strongly affects youth culture, the way Gu Jun Pyo shows respectfulness to Jandi's parents made the respondents rate strongly like (italicize) to it. Upon seeing this kind of scene, the respondents or the youth thought directly of how polite it was and thus, the effects takes place. Media such as Boys Over Flowers affects the preference of the respondents in their ideal guy by showing the strong rates in the admirable traits presented before and latter. (same comment on comparison)

Table C13
Levels of Likeness on the Honesty of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 16 5 4.6-5.0 80
Like 3 4 3.6-4.5 12
Neutral 1 3 2.5-3.5 3
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 95
Average: 4.75 strongly like

Over 80% of the respondents rated strongly attracted to the honesty of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. The other three respondents rated like to the trait and one respondents rated neutral with whether she likes the honesty of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. In description, honesty of the characters was shown in when Ji Hoo confessed that he likes Jandi and did not lie about it. As the result indicates that the respondents are as a whole, strongly attracted to the honesty of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. (same comment on comparison)

Table C14
Levels of Likeness on the Outgoing trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 9 5 4.6-5.0 45
Like 9 4 3.6-4.5 36
Neutral 2 3 2.5-3.5 6
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 87
Average: 4.35 like

The table shows that nine respondents rated strongly attracted, also nine respondents rated like and two other respondents are neutral with whether they like the outgoing trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. This implies that the mean of 4.35 outgoing trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers in the end is still liked by the respondents. (faulty construction)
This outgoing trait was often shown in the series. The time of the characters was mostly spent exploring outside. The characters did recreational activities which imply that they were outgoing.
Going on, with the mean of 4.35, the respondents still liked the outgoing trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. (same comment on comparison)

Table C15
Levels of Likeness on the Loyalty of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 15 5 4.6-5.0 75
Like 3 4 3.6-4.5 12
Neutral 2 3 2.5-3.5 6
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 93
Average: 4.65 strongly like

The table demonstrates that majority or fifteen respondents are strongly attracted to the loyal trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. Furthermore, three and two respondents rated like and neutrality to the trait respectively.
The faithfulness of Gu Jun Pyo shows the loyalty he has. This relates that girls like guys who love them and them alone (huh?) since their average rating was strongly like. (same comment on comparison)

Table C16
Levels of Likeness on the Rich lifestyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 11 5 4.6-5.0 55
Like 6 4 3.6-4.5 24
Neutral 3 3 2.5-3.5 9
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 88
Average: 4.4

The presented table above shows that eleven (11) respondents rated strongly like to the rich lifestyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. Accordingly, six respondents rated like and three respondents were neutral with whether they like or not the rich lifestyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers.
The male characters of Boys Over Flowers were extremely wealthy, just so you (sudden shift in person) know. They are heirs of their companies, they (comma splice) even own specific business, and has their own cars. They can also even provide for themselves as young as they are.
And in analysis, the respondents as they see this, (faulty) they go on imagination and wishful thinking and would hope that they could also have these guys (revise). It is in reality that all people wants to be rich and to be one, is to at least marry someone. This is as for the case of the female respondents. (same comment on comparison)

Table C17
Levels of Likeness on the Musically inclined characteristic of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 9 5 4.6-5.0 45
Like 10 4 3.6-4.5 40
Neutral 1 3 2.5-3.5 3
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 88
Average: 4.4 like

The table presented above reveals the respondents' rating to the musically inclined characteristic of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. This trait was shown when Yi Jung performs a trombone in front of the audience. There were also other scenes were the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers listens (subject verb) to an array of genres of music. The overall mean resulted to like with nine respondents who rated strongly like, ten respondents rated like and only one respondent ratedneutral to the musically inclined trait of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. (same comment on comparison)
As to what the Social Cognitive theory by Bandura (1994) says that people are more likely to follow the behaviors modeled by someone whom they can identify (no subject, fragment). The male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers were these persons which the respondents identify and also admire. Therefore, they likely to follow and also like what the characters possess.

Table C18
Levels of Likeness on the Sporty lifestyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers
Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 9 5 4.6-5.0 45
Like 6 4 3.6-4.5 24
Neutral 5 3 2.5-3.5 15
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 84
Average: 4.2 like

Table C19 illustrates the sporty lifestyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. Accordingly, nine of the respondents rated strongly like, six rated like and five ratedneutrality.
Playing golf, basketball and etc shows the sporty lifestyle of the characters. This lifestyle adds attraction points to men and this probably made the respondents rate like to it. Also in women psychology, women (huh?) sees (subject verb) men who are into sports as responsible and disciplined, this also adds up to the attraction the women or the respondents get from the characters. (same comment on comparison)
To summarize the table, the respondents’ average mean is 4.3 which means that the respondents do like the sporty lifestyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers but not very much.

Table C19
Levels of Likeness on the Good Family Background of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers

Choices Frequency(F) Weight(x) Mean Fx
Strongly like 18 5 4.6-5.0 90
Like 2 4 3.6-4.5 8
Neutral 0 3 2.5-3.5 3
Dislike 0 2 1.6-2.5 0
Strongly dislike 0 1 1.0-1.5 0
Total 20 98
Average: 4.9 strongly like

Over 90% or eighteen respondents rated strongly like to the good family background characteristic of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. Going on, to show more about the respondents’ ratings, only two of them rate like and not strongly. (Huh?)
Having good attitude reflect (s) the good family background of the characters. It is in every Filipino family that when a person has good attitudes, he/she was brought up by a good family. (same comment on comparison)
With the mean of 4.9 meaning like, the respondents very much like the characters.
The three next graphs shows the ratings of the respondents on the physical, attitude and lifestyle attributes of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. Then the next following graphs show the respondents answer on the open ended questions with which the researchers provided. (not important)










Graph D1
Respondents’ average rating on the physical attributes of the male leading characters of Boys over Flowers

The graph presented above explains about the ranking of the respondents on the physical attributes of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. The graph goes with the lowest ranking being the most attractive to the respondents and the highest being the least attractive. Furthermore, the graph shows that the height of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers is the most attractive to the respondents, followed by good posture as second, chinky eyes as third, long bridged nose as fourth, white complexion as fifth, cool hairstyle as sixth and the last is the slimness of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers.
Taking in scene what Collard and O’Brien (1996) said that “the initial aspect of attraction is physical”, the respondents seemed to have agreed with it. The male leading characters ofBoys Over Flowers having these traits such as the height, the complexion, the body physique, the posture and etc are very attractive to the Filipina audience. The female respondents to be specific place the physical attributes as important in their search for an ideal guy. This ideal guy though is not merely on the physical one but also in the attitudes.
To add, the Korean actors who possesses (subject verb) these characteristic makes (subject verb) them one of the possible choices for the Filipina audience as their ideal guy.

















Graph D2
Ranking on the attitudes of the male leading characters of Boys over Flowers



The graph above shows the ranking of the attitudes of the male leading characters on Boys Over Flowers. The attitude trait with the lowest rank being the most attractive and the highest rank is the least attractive to the respondents. To rank all, gentleman and thoughtful comes first, honest as second, caring as third, loyal as fourth, protective and respectful as fifth, and the sixth is the happy go lucky attitude of the characters.
The ranking of the respondents therefore states that individuals as affected by media are in different degrees (huh? What do you mean?). Others are affected slightly and others utmost high.(huh?) The way the Social Cognitive theory by Bandura (1994) states that individual’s choice is based on perceived or actual consequences of behavior proves that the respondents' choice relies on what is perceived, this time because of the media – Boys Over Flowers. The things portrayed on television provide the information that is perceived by the viewers. The choices that the respondents make is based on the reaction they get when they see the television program.
To summarize, the ranking of the respondents on the attitude traits of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers was somehow influenced by what they perceive (d) and reaction upon seeing the program (faulty). Thus, what is shown is highly subjective.
Graph D3
Ranking on the Lifestyles of the male leading characters of Boys over Flowers


The graph shows the ranking of the twenty respondents regarding the lifestyle of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. The result goes with the lowest the ranking, the most attractive and the highest ranking the least attractive. To describe, the first is the good family background of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers, then comes musically inclined, next is sporty and the last is the rich lifestyle of the characters. (faulty construction)
The implication of the ranking is that the respondents consider the background of a guy first before anything else. Knowing the past of a guy definitely clears the horizon on what the respondents are dealing with. As for the musically inclined an (?) sporty trait, the respondents (faulty) own perspective is dealing with this. When the respondents are inclined to music, then they would definitely strongly like the musically inclined trait of the characters as well as with the sporty trait.
Going on, the result says that when all of the lifestyle characteristics of the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers are combined, the good family background still comes out as the most attractive to the respondents.














Graph D4
Respondents’ reasons why they like the male leading characters of Boys over Flowers


The graph presented above shows the gathered data that reveals the reasons why the respondents like the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers. The data tells that most of the respondents like the male leading characters ofBoys Over Flowers because they are handsome. Since the respondents can defend why they like the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers, their answers were varied but still, being handsome of the characters outvoted the other reasons.
Actually, it is very obvious that the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers are good looking, but still this can be subdivided into different descriptions. Cool, hot, eye candy is one of this.
Moving on, based on the answers the respondents gave, most of the reasons for liking the characters is (that the…..) because of the physical attractiveness they get then the attitudes. Again, taking in what Collard and O'Brien (1995) said that the “initial aspect of attraction is physical”, the respondents (who specifically?) or the youth targets the physical things they see on a guy. What they look into first is if it (what is it?) is handsome or not. The researchers then saw that even though a guy maybe perfectly good, if he is not physically pleasing, greater chances that the respondents will not be attracted to him (faulty).

Graph D5
Respondents’ votes regarding who they like most among the male leading characters of Boys over Flowers


The graph provides result of the gathered data of the respondents’ votes on the most attractive male leading character of Boys Over Flowers. The data having fourteen respondents chose Gu Jun Pyo as the one they like most, four said that they like Yi Jung, and three respondents said that they like Ji Hoo. No one voted for Woo Bin. The answers of the respondents were varied because the respondents have their own views and types on the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers.
To add, the respondents see Gu Jun Pyo as the most attractive male leading character of Boys Over Flowers because they see him as very handsome and has this attitude of being protective but caring and loving as well as his unpredictable attitude or being moody.

The graph below assesses the respondents’ reasons for liking the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers.
Graph D6
Respondents’ votes with whether they were influenced by the male leading characters of Boys over Flowers
The graph illustrates the number of YES and NO response of the respondents concerning the influence of Boys Over Flowers affecting their male preference. Over 75 % or fifteen respondents affirmed that watching Boys Over Flowersinfluenced them in their male preference. However, 25 % or five respondents said that even thought the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers are attractive, that still did not affect them in their male preference.
The most common reason why they voted Yes, is that they were influenced by the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers because of the characters' attractiveness especially their physical attributes, and also their attitudes as well as their lifestyle. Generally, the respondents admire them and set them as standards in their ideal guy.
Taking account of the Uses and Gratification theory by Blumler and Katz (1979), media consumers have the free will to decide how they will use the media and how it will affect them. In this case, the respondents have the choice to be affected and how to be affected by watching Boys Over Flowers.

Through the respondents answers, comparisons were made to clarify is they were really influenced by the male leading characters of Boys Over Flowers in their male preference which is presented in the next chapter.

(1. the last part, yes or no, should not be the sole determinant on whether or not they were affected by the show in their preference for ideal guy.Instead, you must be the one to determine by comparing their answers in the first part re their ideal guys and the later part boys over flowers qualities. You still did not match and compare them.refer to the comment re on comparison.match their answers if they contradict or complement? That this is the only way to find if they were influenced or not. Make a table of comparison in the last part.
(2. Numbers above 10 should be written as numbers. Below 9 in words.

3. italicize choices like strongly agree, respectful each to transform them into noun and avoid reading confusion.

4. check also your chapter 6.it still has grammatical errors.the findings will also change depending on the revision you will make in chap 5 esp. the comparison of ideal guys and korean characters.

perez tabaloc chap 6 (comments in parentheses in between sentences)

Applicable stereotypes on purebred dogs are only those stereotypes pertaining to purebred dogs being expensive to maintain and also those stereotypes that purebred dogs are truly pampered by there owners than askals. Examples of these stereotypes are; (colon) Purebred dogs maintains proper hygiene, purebred dogs are expensive to buy, purebred dogs should not be beaten up, and etc.

These kinds of stereotypes include stereotypes like; (check) askal dog owners only consider their dogs as a form of security measures, askal dog owners do not pamper their dogs, and many more stereotypes pertaining to how less askal dog owners take responsibility toward their dog/s.

Examples of these stereotypes are; purebred dog owners are wealthy, purebred dog owners are fond doing personal stuffs like sleeping, playing, touring, and many more, together with their dogs, purebred dog owners take great responsibility toward their dog/s, and etc.

stereotypes on purebred dogs greatly affects (subject verb issue) the impressions of the people in the economic status of purebred dog owners.

Based on the results of the survey and the information gathered, stereotypes occur on dog ownership. Most first year and second year college student of UP Cebu who participated in the survey, conformed that some stereotypes on askal dog owners and purebred dog owners are consider (faulty) by them as they form their impressions towards these dog owners.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Future Researchers

The topic is interesting, thus, the researchers would like to recommend to the future researchers to deepen the angle of the topic and not just to focus whether the respondents consider or apply stereotypes on their impression formation towards dog owners.

The researchers recommend a wider coverage of respondents not only limited to first year and second year college students of UP Cebu for the results to be more accurate.

The researchers also recommend that future researchers should allocate more time for the study since studying human impression formation is complex.

The researchers also recommend that future researchers should not limit their learning materials and sources in the University’s local library. The study needs many related literature, thus, future researchers should be resourceful enough to look for other sources of related literatures.

RECOMMENDATION (why two subtitle?)

The researchers recommend a wider coverage of respondents not only limited to the first and second year students of UP Cebu. The results would be more accurate if the respondents included more avid dog enthusiasts.

It is also recommended that the researches be allocated more time for the study since studying human impression formation is a complex one and therefore take a lot of time to comprehend. Moreover, learning materials and other sources of the topic should be readily available for the researchers. It is recommended to study deeper on impression formation and stereotype formation.

perez tabaloc chap 5 3rd draft (comments in parentheses in between sentences)

Based on the information tabulated in Table 1 and 2, the current study has a total of 30 respondents that was comprised of three groups. The first group comprises the askal dogg (check) owners, the second group comprises the purebred dog owners, and the last group comprises the non-dog owners.

Each of the group was composed of five (5) 1st year and five (5) 2nd year UP Cebu college students, with the summation of ten (10) respondents for every group. (tense consistency.comprised and comprises)

The common stereotypes on Askal dogs due to common community ideas that askals eat almost everything given to them by their owners.

The following are faulty sentences:

Based on the graph above, majority of the respondents agreed with the statement; “It is okay to feed askals table scraps (lamaw).”

The second statement in this set is; “It is okay to beat an askal when it misbehaves.”

The graph above shows a complex result. It shows that there were zero out of ten (join these two sentences since they are choppy if written separately)

The third statement of this set is, “Askals are cheap to maintain.”
With this, the researchers included the statement; “Askals are not qualified for dog shows.” as the fourth statement of this set.

The respondent stated; “For example, an askal dog is good at adopting on different environments while many, if not all purebred dogs are fragile when it comes to rough environments.

because these dogs showcases

he said respondent also strongly pointed out that the people who will judge the comparison between the two kinds of dogs also has unique definitions, perception, and categorizations that they should consider in judging.

The said respondent actually cited an example. She said; “For example, a little girl likes a cute dog. So she will say that purebred dogs are better than askal dogs. (choppy)

According again to the table, majority of the respondents disagreed to the second statement; “Its okay to beat an askal when it misbehaves.” and also to the fourth statement; “Askal are not qualified to join dog shows.”

These two statement are statements (redundant.shorten) that are purely propagated from the observations of the researchers.

Lastly, the results showed that many respondents remained undecided on the last statement; “Askals are better than purebred dogs.”

The researchers perceived that this statement is too subjective. Thus, the respondents have to consider too many factors before they can decide whether to agree or to disagree on the given statement. Yet, the fact that majority were undecided, the researchers perceived and analyzed that the respondents do not apply this stereotype on askals. Because if they do, they would have agreed right away with the statement given. Thus, this implies that many, if not all people in the community, specifically the respondents, do not label a kind of dog as better than the other kinds. (don’t speculate without basis. use theories or related lit to explain the result.)


Out of five (5) statements given, two (2) statements were agreed by the majority, another two (2) statements were disagreed by the majority, and for the last one (1) statement, majority of the respondents remained undecided. With this, it is right to say that not all five statements in this given set are rightful to be treated as valid stereotypes towards askal dogs. Thus, the researchers concluded that only very few stereotypes are applied by the respondents on askal dogs. And these stereotypes are just those which states that askal dogs are cheap. (did you compute the weighted mean? What is the average/overall response?bank on that)

That is why this set; “Impression on Askal Dog Owners” is included in the questionnaire.
The interviewed respondent said; “It is observable in the community today that, not just middle class families own askal dogs.

One of the common characteristics of askal dogs, according to many people, is their tendency to always misbehave. That leads to the idea that askal dogs are uncontrollable. (choppy.join) Some also says(faulty) that majority of these askal dogs have negative behavioral attitude because they can be seen sprawling and misbehaving in public streets. Having; “Askal owners are friendlier.” as one of the statements in this set, the researchers assumed that if many disagrees with it, askal dogs extend their characteristics to their owners.

accordance to the given graph above, eight (8) non-dog owners and one (1) purebred dog owner comprises (subject verb issue)

These nine respondents are 45% of the whole sample population of this current set. This population chose the majority choice. (awkward) Therefore, the researchers concluded that many people in the community, specifically the respondents, apply this stereotype towards askal dog owners. Faulty paragraph)

This statement is included as the last statement

Again, according to Kelley’s Model of the Attribution Theory, which was first introduced in chapter II, in order for the impression applied by the respondents to be valid, the results or their answers to the statements should be consistent. In the case of this set of statements, the results have not showed consistency because these have equally been divided. Out of five (5) statements given, only the first two statements were disagreed by the majority, only the last two statements were agreed by the majority, and majority of the respondents were undecided for the third statement. With this, it is right to say that not all five statements in this given set are appropriate to be treated as valid stereotypes on askal dog owners. Thus, the researchers concluded that only very few stereotypes are applied by the respondents. And these stereotypes are just those which states that askal dog owners take less responsibility towards their dog. Moreover, an example of this stereotype is that askal dog owners only consider their dog as a form of security measure. (please get the weighted mean to get the overall impression towards dog owners.see the works of saripada mangmang in their blog)

In addition, when the researchers asked an askal owner and a non-dog owner about their reason on conforming to the stereotype, both of them said that It is what they have observed. (quote)
Comparing the three groups of owners, the researchers analyzed that; purebred dog owners do not conform to the stereotype because they know what is true about their dogs.
The researchers considered the statement; “Purebred dogs are only fed with dog food or meat.” (careless use of punctuation) as a common stereotype towards purebred dogs because they observed that many purebred dogs in the community are fed with dog food or meat.

Statement 4 is, “Purebred dogs are expensive to maintain.”, because the researchers observed that many purebred dog owners spend so much when it comes to the foods and the hygiene of their dogs.

This statement was given, to

. In addition, an interviewed purebred dog owner said; “My Shitzu needs to maintain a proper hygiene because her hair always crumple up if not properly cut and shampooed.
The interviewed respondent said; “Mahal kaayo ang

Based on the table shown above, majority disagreed on the first statement; “Purebred dogs are for dog shows.” and on the third statement; “Purebred dogs are only feed with dog foods or meat.” (many sentences are like this.please read again your work and correct this error)

Because majority of the respondents agreed to these statements, it can be inferred that many of the respondents are aware that purebred dog owners invest a big amount for their dogs and that the respondents believe that because of this big amount, purebred dogs are expensive and thus, purebred dog owners do not beat their dogs. (wordy)

For the impression on purebred dog owners, only two types of respondents were required to answer; (colon) the askal owners and the non-dog owners.

The researchers again took into account the idea from Tuan (1980). Tuan (1980) emphasized that the owner extends his self to his possessions. (choppy.join)

perez tabaloc chap 1(comments in parentheses in between sentences)

Within a society, groups and subgroups exist. Categorization of these groups can be made through stereotypes, since stereotyping instantiates the process of categorization, (Tajfel 1969, 1981). (careless use of punctuation)
Ownership and possessions can be a great factor, which affects stereotypes. Some stereotypes arise from ownership of things. For instance, when you own the latest cellphone model, you can be stereotyped to be a techie. It is important that we know how things we own define us. According to Tuan, “We are what we have and possess,” (1980). Stereotypes according to things we own are very common these days. (shift in person, you and we and someone)
(No objectives of the study?)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study aims to determine whether Stereotypes on dog ownership occur in the first year and second year UP Cebu college students’ impression formation towards dog owners.
In addition, this study will highlight the common stereotypes on askal and purebred dogs, and how these stereotypes affect one’s impression formation towards the owners.
Furthermore, this study will serve as a mechanism in uncovering whether those common stereotypes that are known today are applied by most people in the community. In addition, this study will also test the validity of common stereotypes towards dog and dog owners in the community. Thus, it will also serve as a revelation to the people in the community whether some common stereotypes that they apply towards dogs and dog owners are valid and are appropriate to be applied in their impression formation towards dogs and dog owners.
(those sound as objectives. Who will benefit your study?who are they and will they benefit?)

razonable salas chap 3(comments in parentheses in between sentences)

McLuhan (as cited in Kappelman, 2002) stated that people are so fond of technology’s existence as an extension to humans’ limitations that they forget to think of its counterpart, which is what he called as amputations. Amputation is the effect of over using an extension, it is (comma splice) the ability of an extension to change or modify another extension. (source) Cars as mentioned are extensions to individuals’ feet are amputations, for it causes obesity, pollution and reduce time of socialization.(source) McLuhan concluded further that technology drastically altered how humans’ use their senses.(elaborate)
McLuhan’s Technological Determinism states that Technology affects human society.(how?) It is further explained (faulty referencing) that exposure to such changes the behaviour of individuals (awkward). Technological Determinism’s main point is that human behaviour is affected by the different kinds of an individual is exposed to (no thought). This is due to our increasing rate of dependency towards technology and when humans became dependent to technology, reliance to it in doing daily activities becomes a habit. Our habits are what constitute our attitude and personality. Thus, if there is a change in habitual activities, then there is also change in personality and attitude.
Figure 1 (on the next page) shows how Technology affects human society. Based on Technological Determinism, human society is affected by the changes acquired of an individual from using different products of Technology. (faulty construction)
(there are many grammatical errors.check first every sentence before I proceed reading through the whole chapter.)

razonable salas chap 1

According to Facebook Statistics, there are more than 600 active users of Facebook and these people spend 700 billion minutes every month using this online application. (source?)Thus, this implies that a large portion of mankind’s population use Facebook for different purposes.
But, what is it in Facebook that makes mankind (awkward) go crazy about it? What enjoyment/entertainment does it provide to the users that made them be addicted to it? (Rephrase the last part)
All of the mentioned elements play a big role in mankind’s (choose a better term) social relationships towards others.
An example is that, a user changes his/her relationship status from being single to in a relationship (awkward.italicize the item to make it a noun)
Thus, one did not just change his/her relationship status into being “in a relationship” but actually change it into “in an open relationship” (either quotes or italics.only one) since by publishing it to the public is no difference as opening one’s door for possible intruders that might ruin one’s relationship with their loved ones.
miscommunication and arguments since both parties will start to consider opinions from a third party which is consist (which consists of people) of the people that surrounds (faulty) them both in online and in real life.
Social networking sites are main elements in maintaining long distance relationships since it is the only way to maintain their relationship in the absence of their loved ones. (awkward, going round the bush)
Thus, this leads to the researchers’ realization that there is a need to conduct a study that will determine the role of Facebook to romantic relationships of the University of the Philippines Cebu College computer science students especially when (that) these individuals are frequently using the internet.

Objectives of the Study
Parallel to the identified sub problems, the following are the objectives that should be achieved as a conclusion of this study: (tense consistency.use past tense)
The parents’ main role to their children is to guide them, thus, parents awareness (punctuation. possessive form) of the effects of too much usage of Facebook can help them in giving their advice to their sons/daughters to maintain a balance between their frequency in using Facebook and the actual face to face interaction with their friends.

deguit olavides chap 6(comments in parentheses in between sentences)

However, the female respondents only agreed that their ideal guy is someone who who (check) attends church activities.
On the other hand, in terms of family relationship, twenty-two out (22) of 30 female respondents unanimously voted a guy who obeys his parents,
Nineteen about of 30Female (spacing) respondents want their ideal guy to have an above average mental capacity and none of them want a gut that has a below average mental capacity.

Based on the data gathered by the researchers, it can be concluded that since the respondents of the study are female students at the age of 16-18 which meas that they are already in the middle adolescence stage and are already capable of choosing who they want to be with. (fragment)
It can be concluded that the personality of the guy is the most important factor the female respondents consider in choosing their ideal guy, Based (check) on the ranking of the different factors of personality, the female respondents would want a guy that has a good characteristics (faulty), good family relationship, has no vices, and values religion, respectively. (problematic sentence)
This shows that the female respondents think that a guy who is handsome on the inside is way better than a guy who is beautiful on the outside. (so what can you say about the result?your insight/opinion)
Recommendations:
1. The researchers recommend that for the next researchers who would choose the same study, they should include the factors (i.e. family, media, environment, etc) that affect the criteria set by the female respondents in choosing their ideal guy.
2. The researchers recommend for further researchers to include more theses in order to support the study so that the foundation of their research is strong.
3. The researchers also recommend that the next researchers should put more characteristics of the guy so as not to limit the female respondents' choices.
4. The next researchers should also ask the female respondents who they think is their ideal guy so as to have a basis on why they choose the characteristics given by the researchers in order to help in interpreting the result.

(researchers and researchers. Confusing and awkward.give justification for every recommendation.)

deguit olavides chap 1 (comments in parentheses in between sentences)

There are two theories that explain why females choose a particular set of attributes over the other. First is the Byrne's Reinforcement or Reward Theory by Burrhus Frederic Skinner (year?
Second is the (remove the) Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development by Jean Piaget which show (subject verb agreement) that those females or girls aging 16-18 are mature and rational enough to make such choices.)which states that people are attracted to those who in some way make them feel good, or are attracted to those who remind them of people that they enjoy being around.
The researchers are curious as to what is the highest priority and the criteria girls set in picking a guy and the result of that curiousity, the research formulated this study. (comma splice)
This also study this(faulty) aimed to give and help the guys in becoming someone the girls want. But it’s not the researchers intention to change the guy in order to be liked by girls. This study provides a set (tense consistency)
It will still be the guys (check possessive form) decision whether to comply to the criteria the girls set.
The researchers would also like to know why female students set these criteria. (transition for coherence) The researchers focused on the 16-18 age range since at this age, most teenage girls become attracted to the opposite sex and may or may not start forming heterosexual relationship with them.
The objective of this study is to find out the criteria of UP Cebu female students aging 16-18 set in choosing their ideal guy. (past tense)
This study aimed to know the following:

bucad landingin chap 6 (comments in between sentences

Chapter VI
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This research compared the preferred dating and courtship styles of the male and female students of the University of the Philippines Cebu College.
The study was conducted at the University of the Philippines Cebu College located in Lahug, Cebu City. The respondents of the study were fifty college students (25 male and 25 female students) of different courses and year levels for the academic year of 2011-2012.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Based on the results that were generated, the researchers (achieved the following findings: ) were able to sum up the following findings:
1. Both male and female students have the knowledge on the different styles of dating and courtship. “Constantly hanging out”, “dinner engagements”, “frequent exchange of calls and/or romantic messages”, “gift giving”, “serenading with romantic songs”, “constant company” and “looking for mediators” are the dating and courtship styles known to the respondents.
2. Among the different dating and courtship styles, “frequent exchange of calls and/or romantic messages”, “gift giving” and “constant company” are the top three most preferred dating and courtship style of the male students while “constantly hanging out”, “dinner engagements” and “frequent exchange of calls and/or romantic messages” are the top three most preferred dating and courtship styles of the female students. On the other hand, both the male and female students favored the dating and courtship style of “looking for mediators” the least.
3. In terms of other factors that may affected (faulty) on the student’s preferred dating and courtship style, the technology driven society, with 81 respondents who strongly agreed and 91 agreed and with weighted mean of 2, is the only factor that have affected the preferred dating and courtship style of the students significantly. The students are receptive to the beneficial functions of technology towards dating and courtship. This coincides with the previous findings wherein both male and female students include the dating and courtship style of frequent exchange of calls and/or of romantic messages to their top three most preferred dating or courtship style. (I don’t understand.very confusing structure)

4. Although the technology driven society (italicize) is the only factor that have affected the student’s dating and courtship style preferences, it (who found out? The society?) has found out that parental influence has affected the preference of students who preferred “serenading with romantic songs” the most and students who preferred “looking for mediators” the most with a percentage of 70% and 100% respectively. Also, religious affiliation has affected the preference of the students who preferred “gift giving” the most and students who preferred “constant company”, both having a percentage of 80%. Moreover, economic condition have greatly influence the preference of the students who preferred “dinner engagements as their dating style.(pleas express clearly and simply)

CONCLUSIONS
The main objective of the study was to compare the preferred dating styles of the male and female students of the University of the Philippines. It aimed to determine the different dating styles known to the students and to identify the preferred dating styles of the male and female students. It aimed to find out the factors that affect their preferred dating styles and to explain the students' preferred dating styles in the context of (a) technology, (b) parental influence, (c) economic condition and (d) religious affiliation. (remove)
Based on the results of the study, the top most preferred dating styles of the respondents differs. However, males and females both prefer "frequent exchange of calls and/or romantic messages" to be in the top 3 of their preferred dating/courtship style.
Males also prefer to be in constant company with the person they are dating. A guy wants the girl he is dating, to think that he is serious about her. He also wants to show that he's happy when he's around his dating partner. (huh? I don’t understand the second sentence)
Males also prefer giving gifts when they are dating/courting. They want to make their "future" partners feel that they (who? Partner or guys?) are being valued. It's also a guy's one way of showing his dating partner, that he cares for her.
For the females, they prefer to constantly hang out with their dating partners. That is because, a girl wants to measure his partner's affection towards her (awkward). When they hang out together, the girl feels like the guy's saying "Hey everyone! I'm dating this girl and I love her"! Meaning to say, the guy is proud of her. Furthermore, as students, everyone have hectic lives and everyday can be quite a handful. So for a girl, if a guy wants to spend weekends with her or hang out with her, it could mean that the guy is really interested about her. (choppy.join)
Dinner engagement is also one of the females' most preferred dating/courtship styles.
In conclusion, ......
(this is not a good conclusion.go straight to the point.answer the main problem then discuss your insight/opinion about that result.)





RECOMMENDATIONS
(Add intro)


1. For the future researchers that will conduct studies related to our topic, the researchers highly recommend them to broaden the scope of the study and gather more respondents from different universities and consider non-student respondents to be able to note significant comparisons between the dating and courtship styles of the male and female.
2. For the students, to make dating and courtship a wonderful experience that will enhance and support a lasting relationship between couples. And to maintain a sustainable and lasting relationship, find common dating and courtship preferences and learn to understand one's difference with another.(faulty.shift in person.fragment)
(shortcut. Explain why you recommend such in a smooth manner.you recommend based on the success or failure associated with the results.shortcomings of your research that you want the future researchers to avoid. See sample recommendation of your classmates)
(repair sentences)

bucad landingin chap 5(comments in between sentences

Chapter V
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This section of this paper incorporates the data gathered during the survey. The presentation of data is partitioned into four parts (comma) each of which answers a specific sub problem presented in the first chapter. The first part of this chapter discusses the different dating and courtship styles of the respondents. The second part explains the preferred dating and courtship styles of the male and female students. The third part of this chapter tackles the factors that could affect the preferred dating choice of the students. Moreover, possible factors are further divided into four components namely, technology driven society, parental influence, economic condition and religious affiliation. The last part relates the factors to the dating and/or courtship preference of respondents.

I. Dating and Courtship Styles
Dating styles are methods of pairing off to experience the kind of one-on-one association with the hope to get to know a person better and finding out if it could turn into a permanent relationship (wikipedia.com). On the other hand (punctuation) courtship styles are methods where one tries to win the heart of another person or convince another person to commit with him/her into a permanent romantic relationship (Cammack, 2009). However, dating and courtship styles today are relative to people’s perception. The dating or courtship style one may (faulty) not be considered a dating or courtship style to another. Table 5.1 in the next page shows the different dating and courtship styles known to the respondents.
The table above shows that 94% are affirmative on the style of constantly hanging out, 78% confirmed the style of dinner engagements, 92% said yes to frequent exchange of calls or romantic messages, 84% showed a positive response to gift giving, 72% responded yes to serenading with romantic songs, 80% verified the method of constant company, and 68% said yes to the style of looking for mediators. The results show that all of the presented methods were considered to be dating or courtship styles to (by) the majority of the respondents. Moreover, it (what?the result? The styles?) coincides Simpson’s (2009) assertion that hanging constantly hanging out is the most common way of dating and that the term “hanging out” becomes interchangeable with “dating”. Also, the results verified that looking for mediators is a style that does not work for most men as suggested by Guillermo (2010) since 32% has a negative response to it.
Table 5.1
Frequency and percentage of the different
dating and courtship styles of the respondents




II. Dating and Courtship Style Preferences
Gender differences between males and females are obviously manifested in the society. These differences may be noticed in different aspects such as physical, social, psychological and other aspects. However, social and psychological differences are not as apparent as the physical differences. Yet, these differences can profoundly influence one’s personality, behavior and the way one maintains relationship with others (Wyndzen, 2008). Likewise, the researchers hypothesized that the said differences are also manifested in the preferred dating or courtship styles of the male and female respondents. This part of this chapter would verify the researcher’s hypothesis.

Table 5.2 presents the data gathered regarding the preferred dating and style of the respondents. The dating and courtship styles are derived from the dating and courtship styles that earned a positive response from Table 5.1. The respondents ranked the following dating and courtship styles according to their preference. Moreover, Table 5.2 presents the preferred dating styles of both the male and female respondents in a comparative manner.

Table 5.2
Average rank of the different dating and courtship styles of the male and female students according to preference

Based on table 5.2, the general order of the preferred dating styles of the male respondents is lead (led) by the method of “frequent exchange of calls and/or of romantic messages” with an average of 2.96, followed by “gift giving” with an average of 3.28, then “constant company” with an average of 3.48, next is “constantly hanging out” with an average of 4.12, followed by “serenading with romantic songs” with an average of 4.16, then “dinner engagements” with an average of 4.72 and the least is the method of “looking for mediators” with an average of 5.28.
The results show that male respondents would rather court or date using the aid of technology rather than personal dating. This confirms the proposition of Griffin (2007) that men seem it easier to talk online rather face to face because one can review what he could say and it also lessens the fear of rejection. Furthermore, the so-called “banats” also become widespread as a form of romantic messages both between couples and non-couples (Melecio, 2011). Similarly, gift giving, despite of (despite, in spite of) its costly appearance, ranked second coinciding with Barrett and Hanzi’s (2001) assertion that gift-giving is common in the “animal kingdom” as a tactic males use to encourage females to mate with them. The courtship style of looking for mediators is indeed the least preferred style for the males which verifies results from table 5.1.
The table also shows the overall order of the preferred dating styles of the female respondents. Among the different dating and courtship styles, the most preferred style of the female respondents is “constantly hanging out with an average ranking” of 1.96, followed by “dinner engagements” with an average of 3.52, then the method of “frequent exchange of calls and/or romantic messages” with an average of 3.72, next is “gift giving” with an average of 4.04, followed by the style “serenading with romantic songs” with an average of 4.72, then “constant company” with an average of 4.76 and the least is the method of “looking for mediators” with an average of 5.28.
The results show that female preferred constantly hanging out (place in quotes) the most. This proves Bao’s (2011) affirmation that expensive dates usually don’t impress women and it also coincides a survey reported by news.com.au that woman feel unfomfortable if men spend too much on a date. (so what is the relation of sentences?) However, constantly hanging out is followed by dinner engagements which shows that women are naturally craving for romance and this substantiates Cramer’s (2001) claim that in these modern days where media is everywhere, women view an extremely exaggerated scene of dating and courtship where most of these “needs” to be like a “Hollowood blockbuster” of dinner engagements. Also, the courtship style of looking for mediators the least preferred style for the females which again verifies results from table 5.3.
Figure 5.3
Comparison of the average ranks of the preferred dating and courtship styles of male and female students

The line graph compares the preferred dating and courtship styles of the male respondents and female respondents. The line graph shows the differences of the average ranks of the different dating and courtship styles. As seen in the graph, the blue line, representing the ranks of the preferred dating and courtship styles of the male respondents, has its lowest point in the dating and courtship style which corresponds to frequent exchange of calls and/or romantic messages while the red line, representing the ranks of the preferred dating and courtship styles of the female respondents, has its lowest point in the dating and courtship style which corresponds to constantly hanging out. This denotes that there is a difference between the most preferred dating and courtship style of the male and female respondents. (try to trim the sentence, wordy)
Male respondents preferred the style of frequent exchange of calls and/or of romantic messages while female respondents preferred (synonym for preferred.don don’t repeat) the style of constantly hanging out. Comparing a face to face dating to online and mobile dating leads to to the conjectures that women tends to be more outspoken than men which also is usually interpreted that men are shyer than women (Macrae, 2006) (trim). The style of gift giving is the second preference of the male respondents while the style of dinner engagements is the second preference of the female respondents. Both dating styles are signs romanticism (faulty) but men’s way of gift giving shows that men does (faulty) not want to look inferior to women especially in locales with a traditionally patriarchal society (Cooper, 1993). Moreover, comparisons show that the third most preferred of the male respondents is constant company while the third most preferred of the female respondents is frequent exchange of calls and /or romantic messages. Constantly hanging out is the male respondent’s fourth choice while gift giving is the female respondent’s fourth most preferred dating and courtship style. The sixth most preferred of the male respondents is dinner engagement while the sixth most preferred of the female respondents is constant company. (trim.shorten.dont always repeat the sixth…ex. While male res preferred dinner engagement, female on the the other hand chose constant company..) On the other hand serenading with romantic songs is the fifth most preferred dating and courtship style by both the male and female respondents. Although women craves (check) for romance, serenading sounds old fashioned and gradually becomes non-existent nowadays. Also, both male and female respondents least preferred the method of looking for mediators and at the same scale (5.28). Looking for mediators is indeed a ineffective style (Guillermo, 2010) since it sounds more of a bribery and lessens the objective of real courtship and dating. (always italicize or place in quotation the choices/items so they wont confuse the flow)
Additionally, the line representing the ranks of the preferred dating and courtship styles of the male respondents is observed to be less stretched out. Each blue point is in close proximity to each other compared to the red points. This signifies that male respondents’ preferred dating and courtship preference is not as firm as of the female respondents’ preference.


III. External Factors
External factors refer to the things that may affect the preferred dating styles of the students. The researchers recognize the fact that there are other factors that could affect the preferred dating styles of students. These factors are expected to generate from external circumstances such as the people and other influential things surrounding an individual. In particular, the researchers projected that factors may include the following: technology driven society, parental influence, economic condition and religious affiliation. Thus, this section is divided into four parts each of which corresponds to a specific factor.

a. Technology Driven Society
A world without e-mails, Facebook, eBay or the internet as a whole is difficult to imagine. The internet has turned into one of the basic necessities today. Modern age has brought people to a point where it’s possible to find virtually anything on the internet, even love. Online dating has become the new revolutionary way of finding romantic partners (Houran, 2006). This led the researchers to include the technological society as one of the factors that could affect the dating and courtship preferences of the students.
Table 5.4 presents the data collected as concerned with the effect of technology to the dating and courtship preference of the respondents.
Table 5.4
Frequency of respondents’ response on the effect of
technology on dating and courtship preferences

The table shows the frequency of responses of the respondents for each item in the survey. The respondents have four choices namely SA (strongly agree), A (agree), U (undecided), D (disagree), and SD (strongly disagree). There are 5 questions and 50 respondents which generated a total of 250 responses. As shown in the table, there are 81 responses for strongly agree, 91 agree, 5 are undecided while there are 38 responses for disagree and 35 strongly disagree. Results show that most respondents are on the affirmative side compared to the negative side (awkward.state directly the idea.join two sentencs). Majority of them agreed that technology driven society did affect their dating style preference. Also, this coincides the results shown beforehand where male students preferred the dating style of frequent exchange of calls and romantic messages the most. (trim)
Table 5.5 shows the weighted value of each frequency that was generated from the responses of the students.
Table 5.5
Effect of technological society on dating and courtship preferences to the respondents

The table above shows that out of 250 responses, 91 of it responded agree (italize) followed by 81 for strongly agree, 38 for disagree, 35 responses for strongly disagree and 5 responses for undecided. Weight values are assigned to each of the choices. The summation of the weighted frequency is 605. Given that the mean is 2.0, this implies that there is a positive response from the respondents. The weighted value of 2 implies that the respondents collectively agreed that technology driven society did affect their dating style preference. Specifically, they consent that “online dating is very preferable since distance is not a barrier and one can date anyone from any part of the world”, comma splice) “online dating is the cheapest way to date because one don’t have to spend anything; just have be online”, “mobile dating is the most convenient way of dating since it has no constraining factor that one can date any time they like, night or day”, “mobile courting is an easy way of courting since it takes away the awkwardness and uncomfortable feeling that are normally part of a face-to-face courting”, and that “whether one is on the giving or receiving end, rejection is much less messy, hurtful, or embarrassing when transacted online”. (very awkward! Why lump them in one sentence.get one or two and explain these answers.)


b. Parental Influence
Filipinos are recognized for having close family ties. Life shared experiences occurs exclusively in the family. There is a very serious sense of respect and reverence of Filipinos to the elderly members of their family, especially the parents. Parents offer initial learning of social roles and social togetherness which is the matrix of affectional bond towards others (Bates, 1942). Lines of studies also revealed that perceived parental attitudes (Edmond, 2006) and perceived parental influence (Mok, 1999) can affect children’s attitude toward dating as well as their involvement in romantic relationships. Moreover, a typical Christian family values the importance of parental influence in different aspect of life. Thus, the researchers proposed that this may affect one’s preferred dating and courtship style.
Table 5.6 presents the data collected regarding the effect of parental influences to the dating and courtship preference of the respondents.
Table 5.6
Frequency of respondents’ response on the effect of parental influence on dating and
courtship preferences

The table above shows the frequency of responses of the respondents for each item in the survey. There are 5 questions and 50 respondents which generated a total of 250 responses. Based on the table, 59 of the total responses are strongly agree, 82 agree, 16 are undecided while there are 63 responses for disagree and 30 strongly disagree. Results show that most respondents are on the positive side than the negative. (choppy) Majority of them agreed that parental did affect their dating style preference. However, there is only a small difference between those that disagree.
Table 5.7 shows the weighted value of each frequency that was generated from the responses of the students regarding the influence of parental influence on the preferred dating and courtship styles of the respondent.
Table 5.7
Effect of parental influence on the dating and courtship style preferences of the respondents

The table above shows that out of 250 responses, 82 of it responded “agree” followed by 63 for “disagree”, 59 for strongly “agree”, 30 responses for “strongly disagree” and 15 responses for “undecided”. Weight values are assigned to each of the choices. The summation of the weighted frequency is 673. Given that the mean is 3.0, this implies that there is a neutral response from the respondents and that the preferred dating and courtship styles of the respondents are not affected by the parental influence. The results shows that it does not totally confirms (check) Kim’s (2005) study where parents can exert control over their children’s romantic relationship and convey their norms and expectations by setting up rules and restrictions that limit their children’s ability to go out on dates. Also, this implies that some respondents are rather more independent to their own initiatives in terms of romantic relationships.


c. Economic Condition
Money is part of everything, even dating. It is imposable to date without money (Belk & Coon, 1991). Not that money can buy love, but rather money is an essential part of the dating process. American dating, mating, and courtship activities employ money and tangible gifts as key custom elements (Wallendor, 1990). Today's crisis illustrates that money could be problematic issue in dating. Thus, the researchers suggest that this may affect the dating preference of an individual.
Table 5.8 presents the data collected regarding the effect of one’s economic condition to the dating and courtship preference of the respondents.

Table 5.8
Frequency of respondents’ response on the effect of one’s
economic condition on dating and courtship preferences


Table 5.8 shows the frequency of responses of the respondents for each item in the survey. Like other factors, there are 5 questions and 50 respondents which generated a total of 250 responses. From the table, 33 of the total responses “strongly agree”, 78 “agree”, 26 are “undecided” while there are 70 responses for “disagree” and 43 “strongly disagree”. The result confirms that there is almost an even distribution of responds (response) from the students and that not a few responses fall under “undecided”. This shows respondents have a split view regarding the effect of economic condition to their dating style preferences.
Table 5.9 shows the weighted value of each frequency that was generated from the responses of the students regarding the influence of economic condition on the preferred dating and courtship styles of the respondent.


Table 5.9
Effect of one’s economic condition on the dating and
courtship style preferences of the respondents



d. Religious Affiliation
Religions set out (vague) to be idealistic and to achieve common good and encourage their members to be better people. However, different religions have different ideology which gives rise to different practices and beliefs. And thus, religions have the societal effect of dividing people into "us" and "them". The place of religion in society has become increasingly contentious in recent years (Howe, 2001). Though a person’s faith-life is personal, some religions have practices and orders that affect a person’s lifestyle and perception including dating. Dating for Muslims is only supposed to occur between spouses (Morse, 2010), Jehovah’s witnesses discourage casual dating (thejehovahswitnesses.org), Catholics encourage to date co-Catholics (McCloskey, 2011), Mormons are discouraged to date before the age of 16 (Bruner, 2008). These pushed the researchers to consider religious affiliation as a factor affecting one’s dating preference.
Table 5.10 at the next page presents the data collected regarding the effect of religious affiliation to the dating and courtship preference of the respondents.
Table 5.10
Frequency of respondents’ response on the effect of one’s religious affiliation on dating and courtship preferences

The table above shows the frequency of responses of the respondents for each item in the survey. There are 5 questions and 50 respondents which generated a total of 250 responses. From the table, 41 of the total responses are “strongly agree”, 113 “agree”, 19 are “undecided” while there are 54 responses for “disagree” and 23 “strongly disagree”. The result confirms that majority of the respondents believed that religious affiliation has an effect on their dating style preference. Specifically, majority agreed that dating someone of the same faith has appositive effect towards relationships.
Table 5.11 shows the weighted value of each frequency that was generated from the responses of the students regarding the influence of religious affiliation on the preferred dating and courtship styles of the respondent.
Table 5.11
Effect of one’s religious affiliation on the dating and courtship style preferences of the respondents

The table shows that out of 250 responses, 113 of it responded agree followed by 54 for disagree, 41 for strongly agree, 23 responses for strongly disagree and 19 responses for undecided. Weight values are assigned to each of the choices. The summation of the weighted frequency is 655. Given that the mean is 3.0, this implies that there is a neutral response from the respondents and that the preferred dating and courtship styles of the respondents are not affected by the religious affiliation. (so?implication?)

IV. Relationship of Factors to Dating and/or Courtship Preferences
Dating and courtship preferences may vary with every individual in relation to other factors that may influence their preference. Table 5.12 shows the relationship between the dating and/or courtship style preferences of the respondents and the factors that may affect their choice.
Table 5.12
Frequency of respondents who agreed that specific factors affected their dating style preference


Based from (on) Table 5.12, there are 22 respondents who preferred “constantly hanging out” the most, 3 preferred “dinner engagements”, 4 “preferred frequent exchange of calls and/or romantic messages”, 11 preferred “gift giving”, 6 preferred “serenading with romantic songs”, 4 preferred “constant company”, while only 1 preferred “looking for mediators” the most. Also, there are five questions that intend to measure the effect external factors to the respondents’ preference.
Results show that 76% of the answers responded by the students who preferred “constantly hanging out” the most says that the technology driven society have affected their dating preference; 72% of the responses tells that parental influence has affected their dating preference; 46% of the responses notifies that economic has affected their dating preference; and 74% of the responses reports that religious affiliation. (faulty.difficult to follow.simplify)This implies that among the factors, economic condition has the least effect on the respondents that preferred constantly hanging out the most and that the technology driven society, parental influence and religious affiliation has an almost equal effect of the respondents’ preference. ( I don’t understand)
Moreover, Table 5.12 shows that 27% of the answers responded by the students who preferred “dinner engagements” the most says(who says? The 27% answers?) that the technology driven society have affected their dating preference; 67% of the responses tells that parental influence has affected their dating preference; 80% of the responses notifies that economic has affected their dating preference; and 60% of the responses reports that religious affiliation. This means that economic condition has the major effect on the respondents that preferred “dinner engagements” which supports Belk and Coon’s (1991) allegation that it is difficult to engage into dinner dates when a “man” is not financially stable. Also, the technology driven society appears to have a minimal effect on the respondents’ who preferred dinner engagements the most. (mangled.simplify)
Table 5.12 also shows that 90% of the answers responded by the students who preferred “frequent exchange of calls and/or romantic messages” the most says that the technology driven society have affected their dating preference; 40% of the responses tells that parental influence has affected their dating preference; 45% of the responses notifies that economic has affected their dating preference; and 30% of the responses reports that religious affiliation. This denotes that the technology driven society has extremely affected their dating and/or courtship style preference since technology is the key medium of this dating style. Also, other factors have a little effect on the students that preferred “frequent exchange of calls and/or romantic messages” the most. (same issue.faulty.simplify.)
Table 5.12 furthermore signifies that 55% of the answers responded by the students who preferred “gift giving” the most says that the technology driven society have affected their dating preference; 73% of the responses tells that parental influence has affected their dating preference; 76% of the responses notifies that economic has affected their dating preference; and 80% of the responses reports that religious affiliation. This denotes that among the factors, the technology driven society has the least effect on their preference while other factors have far more effect on their choice. Specifically, religious affiliation has unexpectedly the greatest effect followed by economic condition which is a necessity for the dating and/or courtship style “gift giving” and then followed by parental influence. (same issue)
Results additionally shows that 40% of the answers responded by the students who preferred “serenading with romantic songs” the most says that the technology driven society have affected their dating preference; 70% of the responses tells that parental influence has affected their dating preference; 60% of the responses notifies that economic has affected their dating preference; and 60% of the responses reports that religious affiliation. This implies that parental influence is the factor that has affected their dating and/or courtship style preference (trim)the most. Also, this may mean that parents of respondents who preferred serenading with romantic song the most have influenced the respondents with the old fashioned way of courtship and dating. Economic condition and religious affiliation has an equal effect on the respondents’ preference while the technology driven society has the minimal effect.
Table 5.12 as well as shows that 45% of the answers responded by the students who preferred “constant company” the most says that the technology driven society have affected their dating preference; 60% of the responses tells that parental influence has affected their dating preference; 50% of the responses notifies that economic has affected their dating preference; and 80% of the responses reports that religious affiliation. This denotes that the religious affiliation of the respondent have the greatest influence in having the most preferred dating and/or courtship style preference. in addition, the technology driven society has the least effect while parental influence and economic condition has a average effect of the respondents that preferred constant company the most. (same issue)
Results moreover (faulty. Moreover,…results,,,,)shows that 80% of the answers responded by the students who preferred “serenading with romantic songs” the most says that the technology driven society have affected their dating preference; 100% of the responses tells that parental influence has affected their dating preference; 40% of the responses notifies that economic has affected their dating preference; and 80% of the responses reports that religious affiliation. This implies that parental influence is the factor that has completely affected their dating and/or courtship style preference. This may further mean this respondent preferred that his/her parents will be well acquainted with his/her date. Also, economic condition and religious affiliation has an equal effect on the respondents’ preference while technology driven society has a minimal effect. (same issue)

Notes:
Check every sentence.read many times and spot the errors. Items/choices should always be italicized or place in quoatation)
Make the presentation clear and smooth.